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Cell Nucleus Protected by a semipermeable membrane. the Nucleus is the control center of the cell. The Nucleus oversees the cells activities by following the genetic blueprint stored in the genetic material composed of DNA. |
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Nucleolus The Nucleolus controls the activities of the nucleus by overseeing cellgrowth, development and mitosis (cell division). |
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Chromatin (Nuclear Material) Chromatin is the genetic material that contains the blueprint of the cells structure and functional capabilities. Chromatin is comprised of chromosome strands made of DNA. |
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Mitochondria The Mitocnondrion is the powerhouse of the cell converting simple carbohydrates into usable packets of energy molecules called ATP in a process called Cellular Respiration. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The RER is the site of Protein Synthesis. This pathway through the cell contains ribosomes which are responsible for the bonding of amino acis in the formation of polypeptides. |
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Ribosomes Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum. Rbosomes act like the welders in the cell bonding molecules together for the growth and development of the cell. |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum SER is a pathway for transportation of materials throughout the cell. Smooth ER has no ribosomes. |
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Golgi Apparatus A Golgi Apparatus is a series of globular bodies which package materials produced in the cell for storage. This structure acts as a warehouse for polypeptide chains as they are combined to make proteins. |
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Lysosome The Lysosome is rich in digestive enzymes for the breakdown of foods and materials. The lysosome acts like a clean up crew eliminating harmful agents within the cell. They have been called “suicide sacs” due to their ability to digetst themselves to destroy harmful materials within them. |
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Vacuole The Vacuole is a storage bubble for foods, materials and wastes. Food enters the cell membrane and is stored in vacuoles through endocytosis. Waste leave the cell from a vacuole by a process called exocytosis. |
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Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that protects the cell from foreign invaders. This membrane is made of phosopholipids which provide fexibility while maintaining water balance aand globular proteins which provide strength and passageways into the cell. |
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Centrioles The Centrioles are responsible for the initiation and control of the rate of cell division by Mitosis. The Centrioles produce the spindle fibers that are responsible for the separation of chromosomes. |
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Cilia These hairlike projections found on the cell membrane are one method cells use to propel themselves through their environment. The beating cilia is also important in the process of food gathering. |
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Flagellum The Flagella or tail is another method cells use for propulsion and food gathering. These flagella are composed of the microfilaments which make up the cells cytoskeleton. |
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Pseudopod The Pseudopod or “False Foot” is another method of movement and food gathering for some cells. These projections are caused by extensions of the cell membrane and the flow of cytoplasm into these projections. this movement of the cytoplasm is referred to as cytoplasmic streaming. |
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